Netherlands Biogas
General
The
new Dutch renewable energy support scheme, SDE, has been operational
since April 2008. Per category, the SDE sets a fixed reference price
based on the average production costs, given the duration of the
subsidy. The actual feed-in premium varies as a result of annually
determined correction values that correspond to the possible revenues
of electricity sales on the market. In other words, the annual SDE
feed-in premium would be equal to the fixed reference price minus the
yearly set correction value. This is the major difference between SDE
and MEP, the previous Dutch feed-in support scheme, as the latter was
based on a fixed feed-in premium. Another important difference between
these two support schemes is the definition of an annual subsidy
ceiling for new projects per category.
As of September 2008, a new
financial support
scheme is in operation: the programme 'Duurzame warmte' (sustainable heat), announced by
the Ministry of Economic Affairs in June 2008. The objective
of this subsidy scheme is to stimulate
the installation of solar water heaters, heat pumps, and micro-CHP in
approximately
70,000 households. The scheme applies to existing
dwellings only (built before 1 January 2008) and targets private owners
and social housing
associations. In the period up to 31 December 2011
a total budget of M€ 66 is available.
According to the Directive
2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the
promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources the target for
the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption
of energy in the year 2020 for the Netherlands is 14% (in the year 2005
the share was 2.4%). The Directive has a mandatory 10 % target for
transport to be achieved by all Member States, which refers to
renewable sources as a whole, not biofuels alone.
Renewable energy projections according to the
National Renewable Energy Action Plan for the Netherlands
The
National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for the Netherlands was
submitted in July 2010. The target according to Annex I of Directive
2009/28/EC is 14% for the year 2020 and the projected NREAP share in
that year is 14.5%. According to the projection, the most
important
contribution in the year 2020 is expected from wind power (32.4 TWh or
2787 ktoe, 38% of all renewable energy). Second important contribution
is expected from biomass (renewable heating and cooling) (1520 ktoe,
21% of all renewable energy). The third largest contribution is from
biomass (renewable electricity) (16.6 TWh or 1431 ktoe, 19% of all
renewable energy). Wind power contributes with 11.2 GW (32.4 TWh) in
the year 2020 (onshore wind 6.0 GW and 13.4 TWh, offshore wind 5.2 GW
and 19.0 TWh). For solar photovoltaic the 2020 contribution is
projected to be 0.7 GW (0.6 TWh). For solar thermal the 2020
contribution is projected to be 23 ktoe. The two most important
biofuels are projected to contribute 552 ktoe (biodiesel) and 282 ktoe
(bioethanol / bio-ETBE) by 2020. The renewable electricity production
from solid biomass amounts to 12.0 TWh (1030 ktoe) and for biogas it is
expected to be 4.7 TWh (401 ktoe). The consumption of renewable heat is
expected to amount to 650 ktoe for solid biomass and 288 ktoe for
biogas. A contribution of 582 ktoe is expected from bio-methane for
grid feed-in by the year 2020.
Biogas-to-electricity
According
to the National Renewable Energy Action Plan
(NREAP) for the Netherlands the contribution of electricity from biogas
amounts
to 872 GWh (216 MW) in the year 2010 and 4664 GWh (639 MW) in the year
2020. In
energy terms, this represents an average annual growth of 18% per year
(11% per
year in capacity terms). The
renewable heat from biogas is projected to amount to
111 ktoe in the year 2010 and 288 ktoe in the year 2020 (representing
an
average annual growth of 10% per year).
Within
SDE an apart category is defined for electricity production from
landfill gas and biogas from waste water treatment installations
(sewage and industrial waste water). The 2010 subsidy ceiling for this
category is €13 millions. The reference price for gas from this
category is set at 5.9 €ct / kWh. Another category concerns electricity
production based on biogas from co-digestion of animal manure, biogas
from VFG (vegetable, fruit and garden waste), biogas
from digestion of other organic residues/wastes (specially residues
from the food industry), and biomass combustion with an
electrical power less than, or equal to 50 MW. The
subsidy ceiling for this category in 2010 is €400 millions. The
reference price for
co-digestion of manure is 0.165-0.193 €ct / kWh, for
VFG digestion
0.129-0.149 €ct / kWh, and for the remaining digestion options 0.158
€ct / kWh, for the duration of 12 years. In cases
that the
reference price is given as a range, it increases at
increased heat utilisation.
Biogas-to-green gas
The
2010 subsidy ceiling for the
category green gas production from
landfill gas and biogas from waste water treatment installations
(sewage and industrial waste water) is €24 millions. The reference
price for green gas from this
category is set at 21.8 €ct /Nm3. The
subsidy ceiling for the category green gas from biomass (co-digestion
of animal manure, VFG, and the remaining digestion options) is €190
millions. the reference price for
co-digestion of manure is 63.5 €ct / Nm3, for VFG digestion
46.5
€ct / Nm3, and for the remaining digestion options 58.3
€ct / Nm3, for the duration of 12 years.
Future programme changes
expected
No changes expected.
Sources
ECN
database on National
Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs), data for the Netherlands, http://www.ecn.nl/nreap, October
2010
Directive
2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April
2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform_en.htm
MR aanwijzing categorieen duurzame energieproductie 2010, SenterNovem: http://www.senternovem.nl/sde/sde_nieuwsbrieven/sde_nieuwsbrief_nr_8_januari_2010_webversie.asp
, January 2010
The National Renewable Energy Action
Plans (NREAPs) are all published on the Transparency Platform on
Renewable Energy: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/action_plan_en.htm
(sourced July - December 2010)
Renewable Energy Projections as Published in the National Renewable
Energy Action Plans of the European Member States, http://www.ecn.nl/nreap
(sourced December 2010)
Interactive EurObserv’ER Database
http://www.eurobserv-er.org
Last update: December 2010
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source is mentioned completely and correctly: 'Interactive EurObserv'ER
Database, http://www.eurobserv-er.org (date of last update)'
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