Solar thermal energy in
Spain
General
The whole spectrum of renewable energy policies is laid down in the Program for
Promotion of Renewable Energies 2005-2010 (PPER or PFER in Spanish). Revised
version of PFER 2000-2010, the strategic target of PFER is to achieve by 2010 a
12% of primary energy consumption by renewables (with, a.o., a 30.3%
contribution of renewables to electricity consumption), through a joint
combination of subsidies, tax exemptions and feed-in-tariffs for electricity
production. The total investment for the realisation of the renewable energy
plan (PPER) for the period 2005-2010 is estimated to 23,600 M€, from which 36%
(8,490 M€) would be contributed by public support (feed-in tariff electricity:
4,960 M€, biofuels: 2,850 M€, subsidy direct to the projects: 680 M€).
According to the Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources the
target for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption
of energy in the year 2020 for Spain is 20% (in the year 2005 the share was
8.7%). The Directive has a mandatory 10 % target for transport to be achieved by
all Member States, which refers to renewable sources as a whole, not biofuels
alone.
Renewable energy projections according to the National Renewable Energy Action Plan for Spain
The
National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Spain was submitted
in July 2010. The target according to Annex I of Directive 2009/28/EC
is 20% for the year 2020 and the projected NREAP share in that year is
22.7%. According to the projection, the most important
contribution in the year 2020 is expected from wind power (78.3 TWh or
6729 ktoe, 31% of all renewable energy). Second important contribution
is expected from biomass (renewable heating and cooling) (4950 ktoe,
22% of all renewable energy). The third largest contribution is from
hydropower (39.6 TWh or 3404 ktoe, 15% of all renewable energy). Wind
power contributes with 38.0 GW (78.3 TWh) in the year 2020 (onshore
wind 35.0 GW and 70.5 TWh, offshore wind 3.0 GW and 7.8 TWh). For solar
photovoltaic the 2020 contribution is projected to be 8.4 GW (14.3
TWh). For solar thermal the 2020 contribution is projected to be 644
ktoe. The two most important biofuels are projected to contribute 3100
ktoe (biodiesel) and 400 ktoe (bioethanol / bio-ETBE) by 2020. The
renewable electricity production from solid biomass amounts to 7.4 TWh
(636 ktoe) and for biogas it is expected to be 2.6 TWh (225 ktoe). The
consumption of renewable heat is expected to amount to 4850 ktoe for
solid biomass and 100 ktoe for biogas.
Renewable Heating and
Cooling: solar thermal
The
specific target fixed by the Government for solar thermal collectors is
to achieve around 5 million m2 installed in 2010.
One of the main
instruments to achieve the goals stated by PPER related to solar
thermal energy is the Building Technical Code (CTE – Código Técnico de
la Edificación). The use of solar thermal to produce hot water in most
of the new buildings is mandatory and it is also mandatory the use of
certificated solar collectors. Approved in March 2006, through Royal
Decree 314/2006 of 17 March 2006, requires all new or renovated
buildings to cover 30%-70% of the Domestic Hot Water demand with solar
thermal energy.
Since 2006 all the subsidies are given by regional
governments because the institute for Energy Diversification and
Efficiency (IDAE) has transferred this activity. The requirements have
remained the same, but each region decides what kind of installation is
more suitable to receive subsidies. In the case of Canary region, only
solar thermal installations with more than 75m² can apply for subsidies.
The
national investment in 2008/2009 is 167.86 M€. The RD 661/2007
feed-in tariffs, premiums and cap & floor for solar thermal are
presented
below.
| group |
subgroup |
Period |
Option a) Fixed price = Regulated tariff
€ct/kWh |
Option b) Free sale with resp.: reference premium, maximum limit, minimum limit
€ct/kWh |
b.1
Solar |
b.1.2
Solar
thermal |
First 25 years |
26,94 |
25,40 |
34,40 |
25,40 |
| afterwards |
21,55 |
20,32 |
Future programme changes
expected
No information on future policy.
Sources
http://www.iea-shc.org/countries/reports/report.aspx?Country=Spain,
Spain 2008 National Programme Report
Royal Decree 661/2007. 25th May 2007
http://www.estif.org/solarkeymark/skii/results/countryreports/final/SPAIN-FINAL.pdf,
December 2007
http://www.estif.org/fileadmin/downloads/Solar_thermal_markets_in_Europe_2007.pdf,
June 2008
The National Renewable Energy Action
Plans (NREAPs) are all published on the Transparency Platform on
Renewable Energy: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/action_plan_en.htm
(sourced July - December 2010)
Renewable Energy Projections as Published in the National Renewable
Energy Action Plans of the European Member States, http://www.ecn.nl/nreap
(sourced December 2010)
Interactive EurObserv’ER Database
http://www.eurobserv-er.org
Last update: December 2010
This information can be referenced without permission provided that the
source is mentioned completely and correctly: 'Interactive EurObserv'ER
Database, http://www.eurobserv-er.org (date of last update)'
Suggestions for improvements to the policy description can be sent to EurObserv'ER by e-mail: project@eurobserv-er.org
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programme and by Ademe, the French Environment and Energy management
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responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained
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